Discrimination Essays (1217 words) - Sexual Orientation,

Discrimination Alternative Discrimination In today's American society, it is expected that young men and young women court eachother, marry, and eventually raise a family. This is the kind of life that is expected, the one almost every parent wants for his or her child. Not all men however are attracted to women and not all women are attracted to men. So what is thought of the young men and women who do not fit in to this predestined lifestyle? Although homosexuality has become more mainstream, it is still looked at as an unnatural, unclean, alternative lifestyle by most. Homosexuals, as well as those who accept them, are often labeled freaks. My acceptance of homosexuality puts me in a position where I find myself not only enduring criticism but also defending my own sexuality, and it is because of this that I feel there is a limit to how close I can get to those who oppose homosexuality. I personally believe that people are people. We all have differences, whether it be our race, religion, ethnic background, or sexuality. At one time, it was considered acceptable to condemn and discriminate against those with dark skin. In today's society, however, this behavior is looked down upon by most and considered despicable. The treatment of and the assumptions made about gays are despicable and hopefully will change in the future for the better. I, one night, found myself in a situation that was reminiscent of something that would have occurred in the sixties when ignorance was rampant. An openly gay friend of mine and I were dancing and minding our own business one night in a club in Greenwich Village. We were not only verbally harassed by an observer who was standing near us but we were also pushed and told to go dance somewhere else. These kinds of incidents occur all the time. Homosexuals, as 2 well as those who support them, endure all types of ridicule. It is okay for someone to have their own opinions on matters; it is when one imposes his beliefs on others that it becomes wrong. I have come to realize that the way I view having gay friends and the way the general public views having gay friends are completely different. I am a heterosexual, black female who has a diverse group of friends. We became friends because we were attracted to eachother's differences and we respect eachother's differences. Of course, in a group of friends certain characteristics may rub off on eachother such as the way one dresses or the slang they may use. Sexuality, however, is not a characteristic that would rub off on someone. Sexuality is inborn, that is why I found it ridiculous that some people felt that my associating with homosexuals would somehow influence my sexuality. My heterosexual male friends have expressed fear of my turning into a lesbian because I am constantly around this lifestyle. To me, this is the same as fearing that I am going to one day turn white or one day become a man. All of these fears have the same level of absurdity and thus prove my point that the thought process of those who accept homosexuality and those who don't are so completely opposite, it is nearly impossible to make them think otherwise. In today's society, most people strive to be politically correct in the way they word certain ideas or the way they label people. We should, however, concentrate on being more politically correct in how we stereotype people and how we assume negative things about people we clearly have no knowledge about. People today seem to have no problem accepting those who have different religious beliefs, ethnic background, or skin color, yet when it comes to 3 sexuality there seems to be a high level of ignorance. The general public stereotypes homosexuals and because I interact with them so closely with them, I too am stereotyped and misunderstood. The differences in opinion on this particular issue make it hard for me to develop close relationships with those who oppose homosexuality. eachother, marry, and eventually raise a family. This is the kind of life that is expected, the one almost every parent wants for his or her child. Not all men however are attracted to women and not all women are attracted to men. So what is thought of the young men and women who do not fit in to this predestined lifestyle? Although homosexuality has become more mainstream, it is still looked at as an unnatural, unclean, alternative lifestyle by most. Homosexuals, as well as those who accept them, are often labeled freaks. My acceptance of homosexuality puts me in a position where

Being Hefty Essay Example

Being Hefty Essay Example Being Hefty Essay Being Hefty Essay We all start out equal; Little blobs of blood and muscle. It’s a setup for great potential. We eat, sleep, work, and repeat. Every day of our lives we do these things, but these every day tasks we do, are becoming easier. The world is changing. Everything is becoming simpler. We are moving from an industrial society into a technologically advanced industrial society. We no longer need people doing hard work. We can simply make machines that do the same work as a human can. A machine only needs someone typing commands into a computer for it to do its job, and a little oil here and there. The draw back to this is that People are getting fatter, less fit and more unhealthy everyday, and we know it. We go to a doctor wondering, why Am I getting fat? Why do I have high cholesterol? Why is my blood pressure through the roof? The answer is simple, we dont take care of ourselves anymore. We sit at work all day, Then come home and eat unhealthy food. So what do we do? We go to gyms. Experts believe that having regular physical activity can boost your self-esteem. Help you sleep better, and help make you look and feel better during the day. I can go to a doctors office right now and have him do a check up and he would tell me Im perfectly healthy. My blood pressure is good and my cholesterol levels are good. That is not the same for everyone though. Most people will go to a doctors office and theyre told that they are over weight. The food they are eating everyday is making their bodies sick. That they will more than likely have a heart attack by he age of 50 if they dont watch their diet and eat healthier. This is a sad fact about the society we live in, but this is true. Then again I do work in a labor intensive job. Where Im required to keep up a physical status and stay healthy. I go to the gym almost every day of the week and when I dont go I have at the least one hour of physical training in the morning to help stay in shape. Most people work in an office were they type reports all day or sit behind a desk pushing buttons so that machines can do all the heavy lifting. You tend to gain some weight if youre not careful. There will always be those people who just sit around and procrastinate about going to the gym. They will look for any reason not to go to the gym. This is being completely lazy and irresponsible not to take care of you body. If you dont like going to the gym, then go on a jog, or run outside on a nice day. Get an exercise DVD and actually use it for more than a paper weight. You dont have to become the next Arnold Schwarzenegger, just make sure youre at least staying healthy. I learned at a very young age that being obese wasnt an acceptable thing to be. I’d seen members of my family that were morbidly obese. They were hooked up to all kinds of machines that I had no idea what they were for and it scared me. I didnt want to end up like them. My parents didnt ever care if I was a little chubby. They did however not want me to become fat and unhealthy staying inside and play video games all day. They preferred me to be outside playing sports, hanging out with friends, or something that was active. Do you know that by living healthier and having regular physical fitness it can increase your life span? Yes, it can. It has been proven that by living healthy and working out, you can live a longer happier life. When you go to a gym it helps you relive stress and tension in your body. People handle stress in many ways. Some like to smoke cigarettes or go drinking and get wasted every night, Neither of which are very health for you. Others may like to go up into the mountains and shoot a rifle at cans and bottles. I enjoy going to the gym. If Im stressed out about something it usually means I’m angry about something that had happened during that day. It gives me a good outlet to relive all that anger built up throughout the day and take it out on the weights. Going climbing is a great stress reliever for me as well . It gives me a sense of achievement when I finish a difficult route. There is no better feeling then when I completed a route that Ive been working on for the past few days. Going to the gym can also help you get a better nights rest. During the day your body stores sugars and fats from all the food we eat during the day. If you go to bed without burning some of the sugars and other things you have accumulated during the day your body turns it into fat. Going to the gym burns that sugar and saturated fats and turns them into muscle and helps tire you out so you can go to bed at a decent hour and be well rested for the nest day. Eating unhealthy is a big reason some people cant get a good night rest. When youre going to the gym you want to eat healthier. If you eat a McDonalds Big Mac right before you go to the gym it makes you feel like crap. A Big Mac is full of simple sugars among many other thing that are not good for you. It doesnt help your body in any kind of way when you go to work out. If you eat a banana before a work out you feel energized. Bananas are full of potassium which helps you feel happy, they give you a good energy boost and help prevent cramps while you are exercising. Sometimes if you have high blood pressure you may think that going to the gym will raise it to dangerous levels. This is true but only for a short time. When you stop exercising your blood pressure will return to normal and the lower your blood presser returns to the more physically fit you become. Having daily physical exercise a great thing for you body. I know that I love going on runs and going to the gym now. It makes me feel better throughout the day, and I feel well rested in the mornings. I know that there are people out there that will always try to find a way to get out of going to the gym, but in the end it will bite them in the butt because they didnt want to spend an hour out of their day to stay healthy.

Athens of America Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Athens of America - Coursework Example In addition, they liked participating in pottery, literature, music and skills in carpentry. All these developments in Athens happened in Philadelphia. In 1876, Philadelphia developed the Centennial exhibition. It was a centre where people took their art for exhibition. Art is an activity borrowed from the Greek people. Architects in the city developed the first rural cemetery. That was in 1836. The cemetery served the city for over a century. People in Philadelphia were very much into music. It made them develop a recording industry to promote their music culture. The city boasted of developing many recording studios in the US. The art of music came from Greek because, before music, Philadelphia concentrated in entrepreneurship. It is evident with the rich culture; Philadelphia had followed the ways of Athens. People in that city did their work with much hard work. Textile industry was a common thing during the early years. Philadelphia had its own textile industry in Manayuck. The textile industry grew rapidly in the early 1800s. The textile industry transformed the banks of Schuylkill River. The city dwellers participated in early industry revolution. The Schuylkill River provided the best flood plain and best landscape to build industries. The people in the city were hard working that they established the best flour centres. It led to developments of roads linking various towns to the city. The local administration at that time was impressed by the hard work of the people. The Schuylkill navigation company improved the conditions of the river in order to boost industrial revolution. The city possessed rich people like Wigard Levering. He assisted the local people in promoting the industrial culture. He ensured it was a success by leasing his property for development of farming and dwellings (OConnor, 2006). Nathan Levering was the pioneers of carpentry in Philadelphia. He assisted in building housing projects

Ford Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ford - Statistics Project Example Since1903, the company has produced motor vehicles in various categories such as cars, trucks, and even tractors. Through innovation and sustainable development, Ford has managed to stay afloat for a century and above while providing its clients with quality and affordable motor vehicles. It owns minority stakes in several other automobile makers. Apart from subsidiary ownership, Ford has also been able to buy and sell several other motor vehicle manufacturers over the years depending on its needs to expand its operations globally and maintain profitability. Nigeria, as the new target market has potential for success to Ford. Nigeria represents Africa’s largest economy with favourable demographics. Since Africa is still developing as a continent, expanding to Nigeria is likely to register success in the long run due to the purchasing power of its population. However, the country has had a tumultuous political past of civil wars. Currently, there is tension due to subversive ac tivities by the subversive militia known as Boko Haram. Company and environment analysis will help in the making of better informed decisions especially with regard to risk assessment and management (Singla, 2007). The analysis consists of PESTEL, SWOT, VRIO framework and Porters Five Forces model analysis. The result of these analyses significantly influences strategy formulation that follows thereafter. Beginning with PESTEL, the political environment takes significance. Even though there is political disturbance caused by the militia group (Boko Haram), there are likely no unbearable circumstances as oil exploration, mining and trade continue. It indicates that Ford can launch its operations and expect success as the government supports businesses are able to operate. Secondly, the economy is excellent for Ford to expand to Nigeria. As the largest economy in Africa and still growing, economic stability will definitely ensure that interest and exchange rates are

Project cost management article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project cost management article - Essay Example y because of the fact that not many people all over the world are aware of the value that the project cost management profession adds to a particular project. The study also highlights that the international construction industry has a history of projects which overran both in terms of time as well as cost. This highlights the necessity for an enhanced approach towards effective project control and cost management. With regards to the facts that have been mentioned, this scholar, in his paper, has endeavoured to review literatures in the field of global project cost management issues as well as the researches undertaken by number of professional cost management associations all over the world. The researcher caters to stress the need for the worldwide recognition of the project cost management profession as well as the development of international standards in this profession. This has been done on the basis of strategies and recommendations provided by global organizations such as t he World Bank and the UN with the underlying aim of developing ISO cost management standards as well as the development of various project cost management certification program, thereby, enhancing the professional standards in mostly developing countries. It is indeed true that the profession of project cost management is not internationally recognized which in turn leaves no scope of development for personnel who choose to work in this profession. Moreover, given the fact that there is no common definition of this job type, not much people are aware of the aspects of this profession (Smith, 2014). The profession of project cost management is known by different names in different countries (for example cost engineering in the Americas, quantity surveyor in the Europe and Asia) and therefore lacks a global identity. There is a hue disparity in the way project cost management is carried out in the developed countries such as the US and the US when compared to the way it is done in the

Employee Involvement In Organizational Development Management Essay

Employee Involvement In Organizational Development Management Essay Employee Involvement means creating an atmosphere where people have an impact on the decision making and can affect the job. It is not a term or a goal or a tool which can be practiced in a corporation in fact it can be called a viewpoint describing how one can contribute to the progress and the stable accomplishment in their job association. Because of this involvement employees are able to feel a sense of having rights and obligations through which they are able to retain their top abilities and promote an atmosphere enabling them to be more motivated and participative. How staff can be expected to get involved in decisions includes the planned facet of input and can take in such methods as idea scheme, production cells, work teams, nonstop expansion meetings, Kaizen events, remedial act processes, and intermittent discussions with the administrator. Inbuilt to most employee input processes is teaching them group efficacy, communiquà ©, and problem solving, payment systems and gai n sharing. (Heathfield, 2012) Encouraging employees to become involved: A hundred percent support cannot be projected from any person who was not himself involved in devising a change or an alteration which had an impact on his job. In any transformation, mostly ones that influence a whole group, it is not probable to engage every employee in each decision. On the other hand when change starts working; it means the association goes out of its way to manage worker involvement. Staff involvement for successful change administration creates a plan for involving people connecting everyone who will feel the force of the changes in the knowledge, preparation, decisions, and accomplishment of the change. In change management a small group of employees learn important information about change management. If they do not share that information with the rest of the workers the other employees might have difficulty catching up with them. If a small cluster makes the change management plans then the staff affected by the decisions will not have had needed time to obs erve the latest ideas. If employees are left behind a door gets opened in the change management procedure, for false impression and disagreement. Even if employees cannot affect the decision about change on the whole still they should be involved in the consequential decisions about their work unit and their work. A change process should be built that tells people when they are succeeding or deteriorating and follow up about consequences should be provided in each case. Employees who brightly work with the change should be provided with rewards. After the employees have been allowed to go through the change stages the unconstructive consequences should also be conveyed to them. Those who are resistant cannot be allowed to continue on their negative path; they will in due course have an effect on the morale of the constructive ones. The solution to this is that during the change management process an implementer should know where to say that now it is enough. (Heathfield, 2012) Relating employee involvement with company performance: According to (KAUFFMAN) , by devoting to future leaders organizations are building the foundation for success when it comes to improving worker retention as far as escalating the firms yield is concerned. A basic bottom up personnel association program is used to unite employees in the business. In order to make sure employee involvement is effective they delegate power to employees at all levels of the organization and recognize quite a few calculated initiatives through task forces to enlarge those initiatives. This practice can put plans into effect while at the same time creating an encouraging plan for the firm and can encourage the staff to construct new ideas and. The firms mission is to teach employees to offer the highest quality service to patrons and for that they need people who are motivated enough and excited about their work. They consider the idea of involvement providing mechanical preparation which drives profitability to get them mixed up in the firms dealings as w ell. Some aspects of employee involvement program and tips for starting an employee involvement plan within the firm are. Recognize the agenda scheme Generate a task force Ensure top level support Encourage and promote employee participation Keep tracking progress and keep communicating results If successful celebrate your victory Launch the involvement program Linking performance and culture transformation together? By doing so everyone can be involved in stirring up the association forward and constructing synergy and enthusiasm at all levels. By being able to advance values of input firms can join employees at all levels in the industry thus increasing competence. Capable programs can also supply opportunities for leaders of tomorrow. The dollars that are being used up in teaching employees can in fact be used up trying to engage into performance and culture transformation but how can these two be put together? Performance change initiatives are reasonable linking slow and determined attainment of skills. Culture change initiatives are zealous. They focus on modification in point of view and relationships and on the arrangement of a surrounding of truthfulness and inventiveness. (Mackin, 2005) An Employee-owner corporation chooses its own level and kind of contribution, but it must direct expectations about decisions. Employees might be expecting a definite amount of power. Organizations that can manage decision making wisely can over time strike a greater share of their human potential. Companies that do not intentionally address peoples expectations may find rising pessimism and doubt. (The Ownership Culture Report , 1998) Recognizing and dealing with barriers to change: Those resolute to arrive at brilliance come to recognize the implication of employee ownership and involvement. To be victorious in ensuring engagement, it is imperative to recognize the collective dynamics of contribution and the barriers to a participative culture. Human beings are by nature social creatures. They wish to experience a belonging sense and to be involved in something. They seek to share thoughts. They wish to partake in the common relationships that the world around them frequently promotes. If correctly guided, this combined need could be leveraged to assist organizations. This craving to bond increases with new social networking platform and technical expansion especially for youngsters. People are neurologically programmed and ethnically reinforced to share ideas. If employees do not get involved at work, they will look for other conduits to direct their imagination. Regrettably, employees are not always aware of the sharing opportunities most companies offer. (Galloway, 2010) Worker involvement as a central debate: Worker involvement has become a central debate in trade relations over the last decade. An Employer who is confronted by more and more cutthroat product markets and a greater magnitude for quality assurance and customer satisfaction must started centering concentration on attempts to enlarge and encourage employees, as well as illustrating more upon employee understanding and skill. Within the academics area, this subject has undergone a revival where researchers are inquiring whether this is really new and how it relates to HR management. (Mick Marchington, 1991) Graziers key learning points: People struggle each day with the various very real difficulties of human interaction, communication, disagreement, conviction systems, headship, inspiration and human potential, conflict to change, ingenuity, and so forth. (Grazier) Discusses what he calls the Key Learning Points as under: Everybody has things to contribute and they will if the surrounding is right. This according to (Grazier) is the effect of working with employee involvement concepts. People place limitations on other peoples understanding which is more a subliminal act than a mindful one. They usually feel that their own solutions to problems are the very best. But when they work more closely with them, particularly on front lines, they see knowledge, aptitude, skills, and resourcefulness that surprise them. Sometimes the most implausible people can come up with luminous solutions to problems. Thus they stop putting limitations on others but rather they see themselves as reservoirs of knowledge. Quoting an example a problem was being discussed with an old worker at a food company. He started discussing solutions for swiftly clearing the food material from a crammed hopper which often happened. When asked if he had ever told this idea to his manager he just smiled and said nobody asks for this kind of idea around here. This worker had spent a lifetime in the company and was retiring in a few months. How many such ideas he would be taking with him? (Grazier) The point being that people have a great deal more to present than one can realize. And if a surrounding can be constructed that is sheltered, reassuring, and encourages taking part, more of that talent will be directed toward the prosperity of the organization. When a manager fully understands this then worker participation becomes less of a function that one must perform and more of a viewpoint that one does evidently. (Grazier) The human constituent of performance is more imperative than the technological one. Organizations are a great deal of time wrapped up in the mechanical features of trade i.e. machinery, executive systems, fiscal controls, setting up, research, analysis, equipment, safeguarding, sales, supply and so on. A few are able to concentrate on motivational principals. As we talk about the implications of these questions it becomes apparent to everyone that, even though motivational principles have been taught to nearly every senior manager still whenever performance in a work group or association soars or slumps it can almost always be traced back to issues that have impacted motivation not technical issues. (Grazier) Most decisions can be radically enhanced through group effort. There are only a few reviews that have read (This person can team up well on decisions) or (This employee has a strong team building trait). More than a few supervisors have been approved over for promotion because they present a participative administration style. Victorious Managers today solve a quandary or make a choice by first looking for the opinions of others. True association can take time. But managers who persist should see their decisions improving gradually. (Grazier) Growth in employee skills: As (Green) has investigated the growth of job skill allotment using data derived from various skills Surveys. He determines the degree to which worker participation in the place of work and promotes the use of cognizance and interactive skills. He has found out that literacy, other communication tasks, and planning skills have grown particularly fast. Problem-solving skills have also become more imperative however recurring physical skills have principally remained untouched. He finds that worker partaking privileges the use of superior general skills and chipping in but substitute recurring physical tasks. A study by (Cruz, 2009) a University lecturer shows worker association programs that executives presume to add to efficacy as well as improving their record on diversity. According to investigators females and minorities are more successful and have better occupation opportunities when a self direction team or a cross training program is offered by the company. This means that companies can increase both quality and diversity at the same time with the same programs. Mostly females and minorities are stuck in low end jobs with little opportunity for proving themselves and for advancement. When companies put in place work teams and training programs, these females and minorities abruptly have more opportunities to display their skills. years of information on more than 800+ companies was able to detach the effects of independent work teams and cross preparation programs on female and minority access to management. In Cross function teams project groups from different jobs are able to m eet on regular intervals and take liability for getting the work done that has been assigned to them and thus being able to solve problems. Teams and cross training put gifted females and minority on the screen for managers and others who get to know them better and can counsel them and state their names when there is a new opening. It turns out these same programs also give new opportunities for females and minorities to stand out and get ahead. (Cruz, 2009) Managerial conversion efforts can bring about a variety of outcomes of which a few are projected for managerial survival and output while some involuntary such as susceptible stages of organizational change pessimism among employees. If we examine the role of information distribution and connection in decision making, while both these strategies have the potential to be resourceful, they rest on an imperative guess, that employees will eagerly hold on to any opportunities to become involved. (CREGAN, 2008) Understanding Organizational pessimism: Organizational pessimism is the pessimistic outlook of employees towards organizations. The main idea is that principles like genuineness and impartiality have to forgone to fulfill the interests of leadership thus leading to actions based on a hidden motive or deception (Abraham, 2000) .Recently, (Cole, 2006) defined pessimism as an evaluative verdict that stems from an individual experience. (CREGAN, 2008) This suggests that administrative pessimism can have unhelpful consequences for employees and organizations. As a result, the association that successfully manages pessimism is more likely to obtain benefits from an organizational change program. As (Bommer, 2005) pointed out that the overcoming of uncertainty toward change is mainly important because when workers have pessimism toward a planned change it leads to unsuccessful achievement and the breakdown reinforces the pessimistic beliefs. As a result, succeeding transformation initiatives are even less likely to do well. Employee involvement and equity: (Abraham, 2000) Argues that feelings of injustice differentiate worker cynics from positive employees and that open organizational infrastructure and participation may help produce a wakefulness of fairness. Furthermore, employees understanding of the association will be to a great deal affected and thus help them in getting involved and contributing to the success of the organization.

History of Ian Fleming Essay -- Ian Fleming James Bond Essays

History of Ian Fleming Ian Fleming not just created the character of James Bond; he personified him by living an exciting life. With his suave style and long history of lavished background he was almost born into the part of his later creation. Ian Fleming was born on May 8th, 1908 to his father, Valentine Fleming, and his mother, Beatrice Fleming (Lycett 12). He was the grandson of the famous Scottish banking pioneer, Robert Fleming (Rosenberg 5). Ian also had three brothers named Peter, Richard, and Michael. He hated his brother Peter during most of his childhood. This was due to his brother being very successful in academics and got his fathers attention. Fist fights usually broke out between the two of them (Lycett 15). He loved his mother, but he was always rebelling against her because, he didn't like the thought of her controlling his life (Lycett 28). Ian's father did seem more like a teacher than a father him. He always encouraged Ian to take part in sports such as track. The father even taught him golf (Rosenberg 8). Since his father and his brother were very successful, Ian felt a desire to become successful himself. Ian attended Eton High School and joined the track team there and became and outstanding athlete (Cork 1). But, his stay at Eton was short lived due to some trouble he was in that involved women and a motor vehicle accident (Rosenberg 20). Apparently, Fleming stole his father's vehicle and went to a party where he drank a lot and met women that he later invited to ride with him. One of the women distracted Fleming and he ran into a tree (Lycett 31). During the expulsion of high school, Ian's father died in World War 1 during a battle in France on Sunday 20 May 1917 (. All the inherited money went to Ian's mother. With the stipulation that she would remarry, Ian was pressured into getting money of his own. The widowed mother put him in another school called Tennerhof High School. It was there that he started to gain girlfriends and have an expensive taste of food and automobiles. People who went to Tennerhof with Ian remembered him as being very arrogant and difficult. There were other's that swear he was found to be charming, handsome, witty, and a lively aristocrat. But, Ian was having problems academically. Ian's mother knew a married couple that could help Ian. So he would visit them one day a week... ...n making the book into a movie. They approached Ian with a proposition to make "Dr. No" into a movie. If the movie did well they would produce other "Bond" movies. During the negotiations and production of "Dr. No" Ian completed "Goldfinger", "For Your Eyes Only", "Octa*censored*", and "The Spy Who Loved Me". The movie, "Dr. No" was a huge hit and Ian had the feeling that he finally reached the success that he hoped to achieve over his father and brother. Other movies were made while Ian Fleming continued to write. That is until 1964 when Ian Fleming died of a fatal heart attack while at Royal St. Georges Golf Club. Ian Fleming was a man of many visions, and talents. It wasn't until after his death that James Bond was a British, sexual, and heroic icon. A total of 20 "Bond Films" have been made so far. Even more James Bond books have been written. Ian Fleming will live on with infamy and legend. Work Cited Bruce A. Rosenberg "Ian Fleming". Boston: United Publishing, 1981 Andrew Lycett "Ian Fleming: The Man Behind James Bond" Kansas City: Universal Press, 1995 John Cork "The Life of Ian Fleming (1908-1964)" http://www.mcs.net/idust/www/flem-bio.html